cylindrical chamber of the transmitting
telescope and the speed of the lased
beam is slowed down by special
dielectric optics in the chamber, the
resulting beam dispersion going down
through the ground becomes slightly
narrower with depth.
This arrangement is called confocal
focusing at rock layers. It is ideal for
mapping geological layers of varying
ε
s,
in each case plotting the exact rock
volume illuminated between
layer-bounded beam limits.
The analysis of the returned ADR
signals from the subsurface to the ADR
receiving system is performed by FFT
analysis of the received spectrum
(which includes radio waves and
microwaves). This results in
mathematical and statistical analyses of
the received spectrum and the
recognition of energy, frequency and
phase relationships.
Rock music
More detailed spectrometric analysis is
achieved through the quantum
electrodynamic (QED) approach by
quantising the entire ADR receive
spectrum.
3
In ADR quantum theory, this
is similar to the equal temperament
system of tuning musical instruments
– in which each pair of adjacent musical
notes has an identical frequency ratio.
In this tuning methodology, an
interval (usually an octave) is divided
into a series of equal steps, with equal
frequency ratios between successive
notes. For example, a violin is tuned in
perfect fifths. The notes are G–D–A–E,
where the fundamental G is 192 Hz, D is
288 Hz, A is 432 Hz, and E is 648 Hz.
Note that a perfect fifth is in a 3:2
relationship with its base tone.
The octave frequency interval is
covered in seven steps (A, B, C, D, E, F,
and G) and each tone is the ratio of the
seventh root of 3/2, or in mathematical
form ((3/2)1/7). For ADR, the quantised
frequency spectrum includes 3 octaves of
the radio wave spectrum and 33 octaves
of the microwave spectrum. WhenADR
is applied to geological analysis, rocks
can be genetically classified by notes and
octaves using the above spectrometric
approach – adding a new quantum
dimension to recording rock music.
Results so far
A brief overview of Adrok’s recent
activities include:
n
Working with BG Group to develop
a reliable coalbed methane (CBM)
exploration and appraisal survey
tool, based on Adrok’s technology.
n
Surveying an area located onshore
in the UK.
n
Adrok trained on four drilled well
locations (for coal signatures and for
sedimentary rock and igneous rock
layer signatures).
n
Surface terrain of these training
areas was comprised of low-lying
farmland.
n
Adrok noted there were
Carboniferous marine sequences in
the rock layer signatures.
n
BG Group is interested in dielectrics
as a new measurement to help
their subsurface interpretations for
tracking coal beds.
n
The results of the Adrok survey
were compared to the actual drilling
results (Adrok presented results
before drilling commenced).
Dielectric profiles were produced for
each site and compared to drilled well
measurements. Typical dielectric values,
measured by ADR, stand as follows:
n
Air: 1
n
Basalt: 8
Adrok’s scanner deployed for in-field subsurface scanning and testing.
Using sub surface scanning to determine if the test area is producing appropriate
readings.
56
|
World Coal
|
September 2014
